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Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes. Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena. The academic discipline offers wide-ranging studies integrating ecological social sciences with political economy〔Peet and Watts, 1996, p.6.〕 in topics such as degradation and marginalization, environmental conflict, conservation and control, and environmental identities and social movements.〔Robbins, 2012.〕 ==Origins== The term "political ecology" was first coined by Frank Thone in an article published in 1935.〔"Nature Rambling: We Fight for Grass," ''The Science Newsletter'' 27, 717, Jan. 5: 14.〕 It has been widely used since then in the context of human geography and human ecology, but with no systematic definition. Anthropologist Eric R. Wolf gave it a second life in 1972 in an article entitled "Ownership and Political Ecology," in which he discusses how local rules of ownership and inheritance "mediate between the pressures emanating from the larger society and the exigencies of the local ecosystem".〔Wolf, 1972, p.202.〕 Other origins include other early works of Wolf as well as John W. Cole at the University of Massachusetts, Hans Magnus Enzensberger and others in the 1970s and 1980s. The origins of the field in the 1970s and 1980s were a result of the development of development geography and cultural ecology.〔Bryant, 1998, p.80.〕 Historically, political ecology has focused on phenomena in and affecting the developing world; since the field’s inception, "research has sought primarily to understand the political dynamics surrounding material and discursive struggles over the environment in the third world".〔Bryant, 1998, p.89.〕 Scholars in political ecology are drawn from a variety of academic disciplines, including geography, anthropology, development studies, political science, sociology, forestry, and environmental history. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「political ecology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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